Flood forecasting with a watershed model: a new method of parameter updating

نویسنده

  • XIAOLIU YANG
چکیده

Flood forecasting is of prime importance when it comes to reducing the possible number of lives lost to storm-induced floods. Because rainfall-runoff models are far from being perfect, hydrologists need to continuously update outputs from the rainfall-runoff model they use, in order to adapt to the actual emergency situation. This paper introduces a new updating procedure that can be combined with conceptual rainfall-runoff models for flood forecasting purposes. Conceptual models are highly nonlinear and cannot easily accommodate theoretically optimal methods such as Kalman filtering. Most methods developed so far mainly update the states of the system, i.e. the contents of the reservoirs involved in the rainfall-runoff model. The new parameter updating method proves to be superior to a standard error correction method on four watersheds whose floods can cause damage to the greater Paris area. Moreover, further developments of the approach are possible, especially along the idea of combining parameter updating with assimilation of additional data such as soil moisture data from field measurements and/or from remote sensing. Prévision de crue avec un modèle pluie-débit: nouvelle méthode de mise à jour des paramètres Résumé La prévision de crue joue un rôle capital dans la réduction du nombre des victimes des inondations. Du fait que les modèles pluie-débit sont très imprécis, les hydrologues doivent mettre à jour les résultats de leurs modèles pour refléter la réalité d'une situation d'urgence. Ce papier présente une nouvelle procédure de mise à jour qui peut être associée à un modèle pluie-débit pour effectuer une prévision de crue. Les modèles conceptuels pluie-débit sont hautement non-linéaires et il est difficile de leur appliquer le filtre de Kalman. La plupart des méthodes utilisées actuellement procèdent à une mise à jour de l'état du système, c'est à dire des niveaux des réservoirs qui constituent l'architecture habituelle des modèles pluie-débit. Dans ce document, on présente une nouvelle méthode reposant sur la mise à jour des paramètres du modèle. Cette méthode s'est révélée supérieure à la méthode standard de correction d'erreur lors d'une application sur quatre bassins dont les crues peuvent entraîner des dommages à Paris et dans les environs. De plus, des travaux (non présentés ici) sont en cours pour effectuer l'assimilation de données complémentaires telles que les données d'humidité des sols, soit mesurées sur le terrain soit issues de la télédétection.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Monte Carlo simulation of distributed rainfall-runoff conditions for probabilistic short-term flood forecasting

A framework for short-term probabilistic forecasting of watershed flood stage conditions using a distributed rainfall-runoff model is proposed. A stochastic rainfall pattern simulation model capable of generating input for a distributed rainfall-runoff model is developed. Generation of rainfall patterns over a 6-hour period is achieved using a translation vector rainfall forecasting process mod...

متن کامل

Evaluation of the Neuro-Fuzzy and Hybrid Wavelet-Neural Models Efficiency in River Flow Forecasting (Case Study: Mohmmad Abad Watershed)

  One of the most important issues in watersheds management is rainfall-runoff hydrological process forecasting. Using new models in this field can contribute to proper management and planning. In addition, river flow forecasting, especially in flood conditions, will allow authorities to reduce the risk of flood damage. Considering the importance of river flow forecasting in water resources ma...

متن کامل

The Uncertainty Cascade in Flood Forecasting

A methodology for propagating and constraining the uncertainty inherent in real-time flood forecasting is presented and demonstrated on an application to the River Severn, UK. The flood forecasting system is based on a cascade of rainfall-runoff and flood routing models, developed using stochastic transfer functions with state dependent parameterisations to allow for nonlinearity. The nonlinear...

متن کامل

Comparative analysis of model behaviour for flood prediction purposes using Self-Organizing Maps

Distributed watershed models constitute a key component in flood forecasting systems. It is widely recognized that models because of their structural differences have varying capabilities of capturing different aspects of the system behaviour equally well. Of course, this also applies to the reproduction of peak discharges by a simulation model which is of particular interest regarding the floo...

متن کامل

تخمین گروه‌های هیدرولوژیکی خاک در حوزه‌های فاقد داده‌ی اندازه‌گیری شده

     In many floods controlling, watershed-management and water-resources projects, estimating of river flow-rate is important and needs a comprehensive hydrological modeling of flow-rate evaluation. Need for enlightening the status of water-resources and precipitation in different watersheds and the lack of networks of hydro-meteorological gauging stations, reveal the importance of estimating ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2000